【中学英語・助動詞・比較級の一覧】みんながつまずく基本理解する

2019年12月8日2022年5月27日

ココでつまずく人が多い気がする助動詞と比較級

more/most　を使いポイント助動詞の似た意味の書き換えなど。良く学校の先生がテストに出しそうなものをまとめてみました。

基本が分かっていればすぐに理解できる単元だともいます。

最上級には「THE」を付けることを忘れないで！

英語力はさらに上げたい人へ：【英語学習】時と条件を表す単語が知りたい人の為の一覧です

１．助動詞とは？

助動詞 Modal verb
現在形	過去形	書き換え
can	could	be able to
may	might	/
must	/	have to
have to	had to	must
need	/	have to
shall	should	had better (should より強い)
/	had better	should
will	would	be going to
/	used to	/

Point!

助動詞で一番大事なのはそれぞれの意味と使い方です。

助動詞を使った時には動詞は必ず原形を置く。
意味が同じで書き換えられるようにしとく。

Must = Have to
Must not + 動詞の原形 = Do not + 動詞の原形
Will + 動詞の原形 = Be going to + 動詞の原形
Can + 動詞の原形 = Be able to + 動詞の原形

他にも依頼を表す際に使われる、「～してくれませんか？」

can you ~?
could you ~?
will you ~?
would you ~?

4つ全部同じ意味なので、書き換えできますし、どれを使っても中学生レベルであれば問題ありません。

みんながよく分からなくなってしまうのが、

must be （～に違いない）
Shall I ~? (私が～しましょうか？)
Shall we ~? (一緒に~しませんか？)

この３つの意味を覚えられない人が多いので、意識して覚えましょう。

２．比較（～er/～est）

形容詞 (Adjective)	比較級 (Comparative)	最上級 (Superlative)
angry	angrier	angriest
bad	worse	worst
big	bigger	biggest
bitter	bitterer	bitterest
black	blacker	blackest
bland	blander	blandest
bloody	bloodier	bloodiest
blue	bluer	bluest
bold	bolder	boldest
bossy	bossier	bossiest
brave	braver	bravest
brief	briefer	briefest
bright	brighter	brightest
broad	broader	broadest
busy	busier	busiest
calm	calmer	calmest
cheap	cheaper	cheapest
chewy	chewier	chewiest
chubby	chubbier	chubbiest
classy	classier	classiest
clean	cleaner	cleanest
clear	clear	clearest
clever	cleverer	cleverest
close	closer	closest
cloudy	cloudier	cloudiest
clumsy	clumsier	clumsiest
coarse	coarser	coarsest
cold	colder	coldest
cool	cooler	coolest
crazy	crazier	craziest
creamy	creamier	creamiest
creepy	creepier	creepiest
crispy	crispier	crispiest
cruel	crueller	cruellest
crunchy	crunchier	crunchiest
curly	curly	curliest
curvy	curvier	curviest
cute	cuter	cutest
damp	damper	dampest
dark	darker	darkest
deadly	deadlier	deadliest
deep	deeper	deepest
dense	denser	densest
dirty	dirtier	dirtiest
dry	drier	driest
dull	duller	dullest
dumb	dumber	dumbest
dusty	dustier	dustiest
early	earlier	earliest
easy	easier	easiest
faint	fainter	faintest
fair	fairer	fairest
fancy	fancier	fanciest
far	further/farther	furthest/farthest
fast	faster	fastest
fat	fatter	fattest
few	fewer	fewest
fierce	fiercer	fiercest
filthy	filthier	filthiest
fine	finer	finest
firm	firmer	firmest
fit	fitter	fittest
flaky	flakier	flakiest
flat	flatter	flattest
fresh	fresher	freshest
friendly	friendlier	friendliest
full	fuller	fullest
funny	funnier	funniest
gentle	gentler	gentlest
gloomy	gloomier	gloomiest
good	better	best
grand	grander	grandest
grave	graver	gravest
greasy	greasier	greasiest
great	greater	greatest
greedy	greedier	greediest
gross	grosser	grossest
guilty	guilter	guiltiest
hairy	hairier	hairiest
handy	handier	handiest
happy	happier	happiest
hard	harder	hardest
harsh	harsher	harshest
healthy	healthier	healthiest
heavy	heavier	heaviest
high	higher	highest
hip	hipper	hippest
hot	hotter	hottest
humble	humbler	humblest
hungry	hungrier	hungriest
icy	icier	iciest
itchy	itchier	itchiest
juicy	juicier	juiciest
kind	kinder	kindest
large	larger	largest
late	later	latest
lazy	lazier	laziest
light	lighter	lightest
likely	likelier	likeliest
little	littler	littlest
lively	livelier	liveliest
lonely	lonlier	loneliest
long	longer	longest
loud	louder	loudest
lovely	lovelier	loveliest
low	lower	lowest
mad	madder	maddest
mean	meaner	meanest
messy	messier	messiest
mild	milder	mildest
moist	moister	moistest
narrow	narrower	narrowest
nasty	nastier	nastiest
naughty	naughtier	naughtiest
near	nearer	nearest
neat	neater	neatest
needy	needier	neediest
new	newer	newest
nice	nicer	nicest
noisy	noisier	noisiest
odd	odder	oddest
oily	oilier	oiliest
old	older/elder	oldest/eldest
plain	plainer	plainest
polite	politer	politest
poor	poorer	poorest
pretty	prettier	prettiest
proud	prouder	proudest
pure	purer	purest
quick	quicker	quickest
quiet	quieter	quietest
rare	rarer	rarest
raw	rawer	rawest
rich	richer	richest
ripe	riper	ripest
risky	riskier	riskiest
roomy	roomier	roomiest
rough	rougher	roughest
rude	ruder	rudest
rusty	rustier	rustiest
sad	sadder	saddest
safe	safer	safest
salty	saltier	saltiest
sane	saner	sanest
scary	scarier	scariest
shallow	shallower	shallowest
sharp	sharper	sharpest
shiny	shinier	shiniest
short	shorter	shortest
shy	shyer	shyest
silly	sillier	silliest
simple	simpler	simplest
sincere	sincerer	sincerest
skinny	skinnier	skinniest
sleepy	sleepier	sleepiest
slim	slimmer	slimmest
slimy	slimier	slimiest
slow	slower	slowest
small	smaller	smallest
smart	smarter	smartest
smelly	smellier	smelliest
smoky	smokier	smokiest
smooth	smoother	smoothest
soft	softer	softest
soon	sooner	soonest
sore	sorer	sorest
sorry	sorrier	sorriest
sour	sourer	sourest
spicy	spicier	spiciest
steep	steeper	steepest
stingy	stingier	stingiest
strange	stranger	strangest
strict	stricter	strictest
strong	stronger	strongest
sunny	sunnier	sunniest
sweaty	sweatier	sweatiest
sweet	sweeter	sweetest
tall	taller	tallest
tan	tanner	tannest
tasty	tastier	tastiest
thick	thicker	thickest
thin	thinner	thinnest
thirsty	thirstier	thirstiest
tiny	tinier	tiniest
tough	tougher	toughest
ugly	uglier	ugliest
warm	warmer	warmest
weak	weaker	weakest
wealthy	wealthier	wealthiest
weird	weirder	weirdest
wet	wetter	wettest
wide	wider	widest
wild	wilder	wildest
windy	windier	windiest
wise	wiser	wisest
worldly	worldlier	worldliest
worthy	worthier	worthiest
young	younger	youngest

Point!

このリストには難しい形容詞ものっているので、余計なものは無視で大丈夫。
形容詞やその比較級・最上級はその都度覚えていけばいいのです。

一気に覚えようとせずに、意味を理解しながらコツコツ地道に努力をしましょう。

比較級の作り方

形容詞 + er + than

最上級の作り方

the + 形容詞 + est + than

３．比較（more/most）

形容詞 (Adjective)	比較級 (Comparative)	最上級 (Superlative)
ancient	more ancient	most ancient
beautiful	more beautiful	most beautiful
brilliant	more brilliant	most brilliant
careful	more careful	most careful
careless	more careless	most careless
cheerful	more cheerful	most cheerful
comfortable	more comfortable	most comfortable
dangerous	more dangerous	most dangerous
delightful	more delightful	most delightful
difficult	more difficult	most difficult
enjoyable	more enjoyable	most enjoyable
expensive	more expensive	most expensive
foolish	more foolish	most foolish
forgetful	more forgetful	most forgetful
frightening	more frightening	most frightening
generous	more generous	most generous
handsome	more handsome	most handsome
helpful	more helpful	most helpful
ignorant	more ignorant	most ignorant
important	more important	most important
intelligent	more intelligent	most intelligent
interesting	more interesting	most interesting
pleasant	more pleasant	most pleasant
powerful	more powerful	most powerful
prosperous	more prosperous	most prosperous
sensible	more sensible	most sensible
terrible	more terrible	most terrible
thoughtful	more thoughtful	most thoughtful
unusual	more unusual	most unusual
useful	more useful	most useful
valuable	more valuable	most valuable
wonderful	more wonderful	most wonderful